St. Francis of Assisi
(1182-1226)
Francis
of Assisi was a poor little man who astounded and inspired the Church
by taking the gospel literally—not in a narrow fundamentalist sense, but
by actually following all that Jesus said and did, joyfully, without
limit and without a sense of self-importance.
Serious illness brought the young Francis to see the emptiness of his
frolicking life as leader of Assisi's youth. Prayer—lengthy and
difficult—led him to a self-emptying like that of Christ, climaxed by
embracing a leper he met on the road. It symbolized his complete
obedience to what he had heard in prayer: "Francis! Everything you have
loved and desired in the flesh it is your duty to despise and hate, if
you wish to know my will. And when you have begun this, all that now
seems sweet and lovely to you will become intolerable and bitter, but
all that you used to avoid will turn itself to great sweetness and
exceeding joy."
From the cross in the neglected field-chapel of
San Damiano, Christ told him, "Francis, go out and build up my house,
for it is nearly falling down." Francis became the totally poor and
humble workman.
He must have suspected a deeper meaning to "build
up my house." But he would have been content to be for the rest of his
life the poor "nothing" man actually putting brick on brick in abandoned
chapels. He gave up all his possessions, piling even his clothes before
his earthly father (who was demanding restitution for Francis' "gifts"
to the poor) so that he would be totally free to say, "Our Father in
heaven." He was, for a time, considered to be a religious fanatic,
begging from door to door when he could not get money for his work,
evokng sadness or disgust to the hearts of his former friends, ridicule
from the unthinking.
But genuineness will tell. A few people
began to realize that this man was actually trying to be Christian. He
really believed what Jesus said: "Announce the kingdom! Possess no gold
or silver or copper in your purses, no traveling bag, no sandals, no
staff" (Luke 9:1-3).
Francis' first rule for his followers was a
collection of texts from the Gospels. He had no idea of founding an
order, but once it began he protected it and accepted all the legal
structures needed to support it. His devotion and loyalty to the Church
were absolute and highly exemplary at a time when various movements of
reform tended to break the Church's unity.
He was torn between a
life devoted entirely to prayer and a life of active preaching of the
Good News. He decided in favor of the latter, but always returned to
solitude when he could. He wanted to be a missionary in Syria or in
Africa, but was prevented by shipwreck and illness in both cases. He did
try to convert the sultan of Egypt during the Fifth Crusade.
During
the last years of his relatively short life (he died at 44), he was
half blind and seriously ill. Two years before his death, he received
the stigmata, the real and painful wounds of Christ in his hands, feet
and side.
On his deathbed, he said over and over again the last
addition to his Canticle of the Sun, "Be praised, O Lord, for our Sister
Death." He sang Psalm 141, and at the end asked his superior to have
his clothes removed when the last hour came and for permission to expire
lying naked on the earth, in imitation of his Lord.
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